BIOCHEMISTRY I YEAR

I B.Sc., SEMESTER II MAJOR CORE 2: CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES

Unit I

CARBOHYDRATES Introduction

aldoses and ketoses

di , oligo saccarides

mono saccarides

poly saccarides

Structural elucidation of glucose.

Reactions of carbohydrates due to glycosidic OH

Alcoholic OH and functional(aldehyde and ketone) groups

Di and trisaccharides: Occurrence

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

Cellobiose

Trehalose and raffinose

Polysaccharides

Glycosaminoglycans

Amino sugars

Deoxy sugar

cell-wall polysaccharides

blood group substances.

Unit II

AMINO ACIDS

Structure and classification of amino acids

Essential aminoacids

acid base properties of amino acids

(amphoteric nature of amino acids

titration curve of acids

color reactions of amino acids

Physical properties of amino acids

Chemical properties of amino acids

Unit III

PROTEINS

Peptide bonds - formation and chemical nature

Classification of protein based on structure –

(fibrous and globular proteins)

Simple, conjugated and derived proteins

Structure of protein

Determination of amino acid composition

Sequence in proteins

Ramachandran plot

Unit IV

FATTY ACIDS AND LIPIDS :

Introduction occurrence and classification of lipids.

Fatty acids : Classification

physical  properties of fatty acids

chemical properties of fatty acids

Distribution of naturally occurring fatty acids

essential fatty acids and their importance

Triglycerides

waxes

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Phospholipids properties

rancidity of fats.

Chemical constants of fats, detergents

Sphingolipids

Glycolipids

Sulfolipids and gangliosides

Prostaglandins

Sterols

Cholesterol

colour reactions of cholesterol

Molecular components of membrane.

Unit V NUCLEIC ACIDS : DNA and RNA - their difference and similarities Structure of nitrogen bases nucleosides and nucleotides physical and chemical properties of RNA and DNA Isolation, separation and purification of DNA  Isolation, separation and purification of DNA  Isolation, separation and purification of DNA  Isolation, separation and purification of RNA  Isolation, separation and purification of RNA  Isolation, separation and purification of RNA  RNA –Types. DNA polymorphism Different forms of DNA (A,B&Z) unusual structure of DNA linkages in nucleotides and nucleosides Watson – Crick model of DNA ProteinNucleic Acid(PNA)