II B.Sc., SEMESTER IV MAJOR CORE ELECTIVE: 1 (OPTIONAL):
GENETICS |
Unit I |
Mendelian traits in man |
pedigree charts |
Multiple alleles: |
Blood group inheritance –
ABO, MN, Rh |
Blood group inheritance –
ABO, MN, Rh |
applications |
Quantitative inheritance |
polygenic inheritance –
skin colour in man |
polygenic
inheritance – skin colour in man |
Linkage: Morgan’s
experiment. |
Crossing over: Kinds,
theories and cytological basis. |
Unit II |
Sex determination:
Theories |
Heterogametic |
genic balance |
haploidy |
sex reversal |
hormones and environmental
factors |
Non disjunction – types |
gynandromorphism – origin. |
Sex determination in man |
sex determining genes |
Lyon’s hypothesis. |
Sex linked inheritance |
X linked genes in man |
color blindness and
hemophiliac |
Y linked gene |
trichosis |
Sex limited and sex
influenced genes |
Unit III |
Introduction to gene
function |
Role of genes in
metabolism |
metabolic disorders
associated with phenylalanine metabolism |
phenylketonuria; |
disorders associated with
Hb |
Genetic counseling |
: Determining risks –
consanguinity |
Prenatal diagnosis: |
ultrasound scanning |
amniocentesis chorionic
villi sampling |
AFP test |
management of genetic
disorders. |
Unit IV |
Mutation: major molecular
mechanism |
mutagens viz., radiation
and chemicals. |
Variation in chromosomes: |
aneuplodiy – types |
syndromes in man |
Down’s,
Turner’s and Klinefelter`s Polyploidy |
Mutation detection-ClB
method |
Population genetics: |
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
frequency of recessive and
multiple alleles. |
Changes in gene
frequencies |
Unit V |
Human chromosome
complement |
Karyotype preparation |
somatic cell hybridization |
gene mapping |
Human behavior and genes |
Psychosis and
schizophrenia. |
Cancer genetics: Oncogenes |
proto oncogenes antioncogenes |
– oncoproteins and gene
regulation. |
II B.Sc., SEMESTER IV ALLIED
5 (OPTIONAL): MICROBIOLOGY-APPLIED |
Unit I |
INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY: |
Fermentation Products |
enzymes, antibiotics,
alcohol |
enzymes, antibiotics,
alcohol |
microbes involved,
fermentation process of ethyl alcohol |
microbes involved,
fermentation process of vinegar |
microbes involved,
fermentation process of penicillin |
Effluent treatment. |
Unit II |
FOOD MICROBIOLOGY |
Normal flora of fresh food |
food spoilage |
food poisoning |
Physicochemical methods in
food preservation |
DAIRY
MICROBIOLOGY: |
Normal flora of milk |
pasteurization |
milk
products |
Milk borne diseases. |
Unit III |
AGRICULTURAL AND AQUATIC
MICROBIOLOGY |
AGRICULTURAL AND AQUATIC
MICROBIOLOGY |
Soil microorganisms |
Types, influence on soil |
nitrogen cycle |
nitrogen fixation |
soil fertility |
biofertilizer |
Biogas |
An introduction to marine
microbes. |
Unit IV |
An introduction to Medical
Microbiology. |
Types and analysis of air
microorganism |
air borne diseases |
chicken pox, and measles. |
meningitis |
Types and analysis of
water microorganism |
water borne diseases –
cholera |
water borne diseases
–polio |
Zoonotic diseases |
Anthrax prevention cure |
Rabies prevention cure |
Swine flu prevention cure |
UnitV |
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY |
Common bacterial, viral
diseases of man |
Common bacterial, viral
diseases of man |
diphtheria |
tuberculosis |
pneumonia |
whooping cough |
typhoid |
cholera |
leprosy |
tetanus |
polio |
viral hepatitis |
AIDS – causative organism |
clinical symptoms,
preventive measures. |
II B.Sc., SEMESTER –III MAJOR
CORE 5 - HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY |
Unit I |
DIGESTIVE AND CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM: |
Gross anatomy of the
Gastro- Intestinal tract |
Intestinal tract– types of
glands and their secretion |
Basic structure and
function of heart |
rhythmicity of heart |
origin and conduction of
heart beat |
cardiac cycle |
heart sounds |
Blood pressure |
heart rate |
Cardiac output |
electrocardiogram. |
Unit II |
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM: |
Respiration - Definition |
Basic structure of lungs |
transport of gases (CO2
& O2) |
Body fluids – |
Extracellular fluid |
plasma volume |
interstitial fluid |
transcellular fluid |
intracellular fluid |
ionic composition of body
fluids |
imbalances in sodium and
potassium lends |
body buffers |
lymph-formation |
composition and flow |
Unit III |
EXCRETORY SYSTEM: |
Excretion: Basic structure
and function of kidney |
glomerular filtration rate |
Tubular Transport maximum |
tubular load, plasma
clearance |
tubular load, plasma
clearance |
Formation of urine –
Threshold substances |
filtration pressure |
filtration |
reabsorption |
secretion |
acidification |
Normal and abnormal
constituents of urine. |
Physiology of
reproduction. |
Unit IV |
NERVOUS AND MUSCULAR
SYSTEM: |
Structure of neuron |
nerve impulse |
neurotransmission |
synapse |
chemical synapse |
electrical
synapse |
functional properties of
nerve fibre |
Action potential |
Reflex action and reflex
arc |
Molecular organization |
contraction
of striated muscles |
mechanism of
excitation |
neuromuscular functions |
Biochemistry of muscle
contraction. |
Unit V |
BASIC
ENDOCRINOLOGY |
Introduction to Hormones |
Mode of action of
hormones. |
Hypothalamus and
Hypophysis |
Thyroid, Parathyroid and
Pancreas |
Adrenal hormones |
Gonadal hormones |
II B.SC., SEMESTER III MAJOR
CORE 4: ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY |
Unit I |
SPECTROMETRIC
METHODS |
Principles of
electromagnetic radiation |
Principles of energy |
Principles of wavelength |
Principles of absorption |
Principles of emission
spectra |
Spectro fluorometry |
Spectro fluorometry
instrumentation |
Spectro fluorometry applications in vitamin assays |
flame photometry |
atomic absorption
spectrophotometry |
atomic absorption
spectrophotometry applications |
NMR spectroscopy, IR
spectroscopy |
FT-IR spectroscopy. |
Unit II |
CHROMATOGRAPHY |
Paperchromotography |
Thin layer chromatography |
Column chromatography |
Molecular sieve
chromatography |
Gas – Liquid
chromatography |
Adsorption |
Partition chromotography |
Ion exchange chromatography |
Affinity chromatography |
High performance liquid
chromatography |
HPTLC |
Unit III |
CENTRIFUGATION METHODS |
Basic principles of
sedimentation |
centrifugal force |
Svedberg constant |
types of centrifuges & rotors. |
Preparative
ultracentrifugation |
differential and density
gradient. |
Analytical ultracentrifuge |
Unit IV |
ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES |
factors affecting the
migration rate-electric field |
iselius moving boundary
electrophoresis |
electrophoresis with paper |
electophoresis with
cellulose acetate |
electophoresis with starch |
electophoresis with
agarose |
electophoresis with polyacrylamide gel |
SDS-PAGE |
2D electrophoresis |
Immunoelectophoresis |
High voltage
electrophoresis |
Isoelectric focusing. |
Unit V |
RADIOISOTOPE TECHNIQUES |
Atomic structure,
radiations, types of radioactive decay, |
Types of radioactive decay |
half life period |
units of radioactivity
detection |
measurement of
radioactivity |
(GM counter &
scintillation counter) |
Autoradiography |
elucidation of metabolic
pathway |
clinical diagnosis |
radio dating |
Safety aspects of the use
of radio isotopes |
II B.Sc., SEMESTER– III
ALLIED 4(OPTIONAL): MICROBIOLOGY – GENERAL |
Unit I |
HISTORY AND SCOPE OF
MICROBIOLOGY |
HISTORY AND SCOPE OF
MICROBIOLOGY |
Classification of
Microorganism- Haeckel’s and Whittaker’s |
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
Carl Woese-3 domain
Concept |
An introduction to
microscopy compound |
dark field |
Bright field |
Phase contrast |
Fluorescent |
Electron microscope. |
Unit II |
BACTERIA - MORPHOLOGY AND
ITS GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS: |
Bacteria Nomenclature,
morphology and fine structure |
Growth curve |
Types of Culture medium |
Culture methods,Cultural
characteristics |
Identification |
Reproduction and
Photosynthesis. |
Reproduction and
Photosynthesis. |
Unit III |
Mycoplasma |
Rickettsiae |
Chlamydia |
Myxobacteria. |
Viruses General properties |
Types |
TMV |
T-even
phage-Morphology |
Reproduction. |
Unit IV |
Reproduction of Algae |
Reproduction of Fungi |
Reproduction of Protozoa |
structure of Algae |
Structure of Fungi |
Structure of Protozoa |
Micro algae :Chlorella,
Volvox, Diatoms |
Micro algae :Chlorella,
Volvox, Diatoms |
Micro algae :Chlorella,
Volvox, Diatoms |
Micro Fungi: Yeast, Mucor,
Penicillium, Aspergillus |
Micro Fungi: Yeast, Mucor,
Penicillium, Aspergillus |
Micro Fungi: Yeast, Mucor,
Penicillium, Aspergillus |
Protozoa:Entamoeba,
Paramecium, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma. |
Unit V |
CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS: |
Physical Agents &
Chemical Agents |
AntibioticsClassification
based on their mode of action |
Penicillin |
Polymyxin |
Streptomycin |
Sulfonamides |
chemotherapeutic agents |
antibiotic resistance. |
|
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